The Global Environmental Stratification is a globally consistent classification of land into comparatively homogenous units, based upon a statistical clustering of climate variables (Metzger et al., 2013). It was realized in support of the Biodiversity Observation Network to provide a framework for analyzing ecological and environmental data over large heterogeneous areas.

Based on high-resolution geospatial monthly climate datasets averaged from 1960 to 2000, the Global Environmental Stratification describes current conditions to stratify the earth into 125 strata, aggregated into 18 zones.

Four emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways) were analyzed using the CIMP5 model predictions for the year 2050, ranging from RCP 2.6 (lowest emission scenario) to RCP 8.5 (highest emission scenario). The Maximum Likelihood Classification algorithm in ArcGIS was used to create the predicted future spatial patterns of strata and zones, using the modeled future climate conditions as prognosticated by each of the emission scenario combinations (n = 63) as input parameters (Robert J. Zomer; Marc J. Metzger; Antonio Trabucco; Mingcheng Wang; Dave Murray-Rust, 2017).

All models within each Representative Concentration Pathway were merged into a majority ensemble result, using the class with the majority of occurring in every particular grid cell.

How global warming will impact 6000+ cities around the world?

London could feel as hot as Paris by 2050, with Paris’s climate more like San Francisco. San Francisco feels like Melbourne and New York City like Bologna (Italy). The climate of Moscow will be similar to that of Boston.

You can find out what your city’s climate will be like in the future with the map below.

Related posts:
– Find cities with similar climate

The post How hot cities could be in 2050 appeared first on Vivid Maps.

www.zevnicsca.carto.com

Related post:
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The post American Climate Act… appeared first on Vivid Maps.

This mapping tool features data from Climate Ready Boston. Explore which areas of the city are projected to be at risk of flooding (due to sea level rise and increased precipitation) and extreme heat (due to rising temperatures and the urban heat island effect). Overlay climate data with population demographics to better understand the social factors that intersect with and contribute to vulnerability.

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Summer highs in New York City could be more like Juarez (Mexico) by 2100 without emissions cuts.
Los Angeles -> Belize City (Belize)
London -> Milan (Italy)
Paris -> Fez (Morocco)
Berlin and Moscow -> Bucharest (Romania)
Rome -> Port Said (Egypt)
Madrid -> Erbil (Iraq)
Sydney -> Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea)

The post How Hot Will Summers Be By 2100? appeared first on Vivid Maps.

Reddit user: RadioFreeCascadia

The post Religious Plurality by U.S. State appeared first on Vivid Maps.

Via deviantart.net

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The post White Vote in the 2016 U.S. Election appeared first on Vivid Maps.

While globally, 2016 was the hottest year on record, 2020 was the second-hottest, and 2011 to 2020 was the warmest decade since thermometer-based measurements started. The worldwide average temperature has grown at an average rate of 0.17°F (0.09°С) per decade since 190, comparable to the speed of warming within the contiguous U.S. states. After the late 1970s, though, the U.S. has warmed quicker than the worldwide rate.

Some regions of the U.S. have endured more warming than others. The North, the West, and Alaska have observed temperatures rise the most. Below is a bunch of Below are maps showing how climate will change in the United States according to Koppen-Geiger climate classification.

U.S. Koppen-Geiger climate classification (2000 – 2100)

CSIRO-Mk3.0

The CSIRO Mk3 climate system model contains a comprehensive representation of the four major components of the climate system (oceans, land surface, atmosphere, and sea-ice), and in its current form is as comprehensive as any of the global coupled models available worldwide developed by the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research.

The primary aim in developing the CSIRO Mk3 climate model has been to provide a coupled atmosphere-ocean system that gives a significantly improved representation of the current climate relative to the prior model generations. The CSIRO Mk3 model will be used to investigate the dynamical and physical processes controlling the climate system for multiseasonal predictions and investigations of natural climatic variability and climatic change.

A1 scenario family

The A1 scenario family describes a future world of very rapid economic growth, a global population that peaks in mid-century and declines after that, and the rapid introduction of new and more efficient technologies. Major underlying themes are convergence among regions, capacity building, and increased cultural and social interactions, with a substantial reduction in regional differences in per capita income. The A1 scenario family develops into three groups that describe alternative directions of technological change in the energy system. The three A1 groups are distinguished by their technical emphasis: fossil intensive (A1FI), non-fossil energy sources (A1T), or a balance across all sources (A1B).

A2 scenario family

The A2 scenario family describes a very heterogeneous world. The underlying theme is self-reliance and the preservation of local identities. Fertility patterns across regions converge very slowly, which results in a continuously increasing population. Economic development is primarily regionally oriented, and per capita, economic growth, and technological change are more fragmented and slower than other storylines.

MIROC-H

The Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC), the coupled general circulation model used in the K-1 project, consists of five component models: atmosphere, land, river, sea ice, and ocean developed by the Japanese Center for Climate Research.

The atmospheric component interacts with the land and sea-ice components. The air-sea exchange is realized exclusively between the atmosphere and sea-ice components, not directly between the atmosphere and ocean components. The ocean component interacts only with the sea ice component. The air-sea flux at ice-free grids is consequently passed to the ocean component without modification, but it is first passed to the sea ice component. The river component receives ground runoff water from the land component and drains riverine runoff water into the sea ice component. The sea ice and ocean components deal with lakes.

A1B scenario

A2 scenario

Projected Climate Change Impacts

Northeast: Settlements are affected by heatwaves, more severe precipitation events, and coastal flooding due to sea-level rising and storm waves.

Southeast and Caribbean: Reduced water availability, exacerbated by population increase and land-use change, induces grown competition for water. There are enlarged hazards associated with extreme events such as hurricanes.

Midwest: Longer growing seasons and increasing carbon dioxide levels rise yields of some crops, although these advantages have already been offset in some cases by the occurrence of severe events such as heatwaves, floods, and droughts.

Great Plains: Increasing temperatures lead to the growing need for water and energy and influence agricultural traditions.

Southwest: Drought and raised warming foster wildfires and the intensified struggle for limited water resources for ecosystems and people.

Northwest: Shifts in the timing of streamflow linked to earlier snowmelt decrease the water supply in summer, creating far-reaching environmental and socioeconomic consequences.

Alaska: Fast receding sea ice in summer, disappearing glaciers, and permafrost cause destruction to infrastructure and significant alterations to ecosystems. 

Hawai’i and Pacific Islands: More restrained freshwater supplies linked with raised temperatures stresses ecosystems and people and decrease food and water safety.

Coasts: Coastal lifelines, such as water supply infrastructure and evacuation routes, are more defenseless to higher sea levels and storm waves, inland flooding, and other climate-related changes.

The post How is climate will change in the U.S. (2030 – 2100)? appeared first on Vivid Maps.

During the peak of ice ages, sea levels have been as much as 120 to 130 meters (394 to 427 feet) below present-day levels. These lowstands occurred when significant amounts of water were locked up in large ice sheets covering parts of the continents.

During interglacial periods, sea levels have risen, sometimes surpassing present-day levels. The highest sea levels during the past several million years are estimated to have been about 6 to 9 meters (20 to 30 feet) above present levels.

Reddit user neilrkaye created interesting maps of our planet with different sea levels using ggplot in R and GEBCO dtm data.

The maps show the elevations in two classes with green and blue colors set to -1000 meters, -500 meters, -100 meters, 100 meters, 500 meters, and 1000 meters.

These maps are only theoretical because if all the ice on the Earth melts, the sea level will rise by 70 meters. Despite this, a fascinating fact is that Rwanda is the only country in the world whose area will not decrease even if the sea level rises by 1000 meters.

The post Maps of the world with different sea levels appeared first on Vivid Maps.

September is usually the month when CO2 is at its lowest after a summer of plants growing and sucking it up in the northern hemisphere. As fall wears on, those plants lose their leaves, which in turn decompose, releasing the stored carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. At Mauna Loa Observatory, the world’s marquee site for monitoring carbon dioxide, there are signs that the process has begun but levels have remained above 400 ppm.

Via climatecentral.org

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