San Marino: Proof That Patience Wins (Territorial) Wars

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San Marino, nestled within Italy, may be one of the smallest countries in the world, but its history is as intriguing as it is unique. With an area of just 61 square kilometers (24 square miles)—comparable to the size of Manhattan—this microstate has managed to retain its independence for nearly two millennia.

From Refuge to Republic

San Marino’s story began in 301 CE, when Acquaviva, San Marino (the capital), and Borgo Maggiore became its founding territories. Over the centuries, it expanded to include Chiesanuova in 1320, and later Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, Serravalle, and Domagnano in 1463.

If San Marino continues doubling its size every 1,162 years, world domination is just around the corner—in the year 26,657! 🙂

The People of San Marino

San Marino is home to about 33,000 people, the majority of whom are Sammarinese—a distinct ethnic group with deep cultural and historical ties to the republic. A smaller Italian minority also resides in the country, reflecting its geographic and cultural proximity to Italy. This tight-knit population fosters a unique identity that blends Sammarinese traditions with Italian influences.

Small in Size, Big in Prosperity

Despite its size, San Marino boasts a GDP per capita of approximately $60,000, ranking it among the wealthiest nations globally, ahead of economic giants like the United States and Japan. The republic’s economy thrives on tourism, attracting over two million visitors annually, and small-scale industries such as ceramics and wine production.

Its low taxes and banking sector have long contributed to its economic stability, although San Marino has taken steps in recent years to align more closely with international financial regulations.

A Sovereign State with Ancient Traditions

San Marino’s sovereignty is supported by one of the world’s oldest constitutions, dating back to 1600. It has its own ceremonial military and maintains diplomatic relations with nations worldwide. While it relies on Italy for defense and uses the Euro as its currency, San Marino remains a fully independent republic.

What are your thoughts on San Marino’s history and its “territorial expansion”? Share your thoughts in the comments below!