50% of Canadians live south of this line

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In 2021, the population of Canada was 38 million, with a population density of 4.2 people per square kilometer. For comparison, Russia has a population density of 8.4 people per square kilometer.

Being the 2nd-largest by total area (the total land area is 9,093,510 sq km or 3,511,022 sq. mi), the vast majority of the nation is sparsely populated. Most of its population is south of the 55th parallel north, and just over 60% of Canadians reside in only two provinces, Ontario and Quebec. 81.3% of the Canadian population is urban.

Top 10 Cities by Population in Canada

Rank	City	Population
1	Toronto	2,600,000
2	Montreal	1,600,000
3	Calgary	1,019,942
4	Ottawa	812,129
5	Edmonton	712,391
6	Mississauga	668,549
7	North York	636,000
8	Winnipeg	632,063
9	Scarborough	600,000
9	Vancouver	600,000
10	Quebec	528,595

The map below clearly illustrates the uneven distribution of Canada’s population.

The maps below show how this population line looks at different geographic projections.

Immigration is the most crucial factor in Canada’s population growth. Canada has the 8th most significant immigrant population globally, while foreign-born people are almost one-5th. Since 2001, immigration has varied between 221,352 and 262,236 immigrants per year.