Divisions of Islam in the world
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The divisions within Islam have historically emerged due to theological, political, and jurisprudential differences among its followers, leading to the formation of distinct branches or sects. The two primary branches of Islam are Sunni and Shia, each representing a significant portion of the Muslim population worldwide. These divisions originated in the early years of Islam, rooted in disagreements over leadership succession following the death of Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century.
Nowadays, approximately 1.8 billion Muslims live in the world.
The Sunni branch constitutes the majority of the global Muslim population, with adherents following the Sunnah (traditions) of the Prophet Muhammad and recognizing the legitimacy of the first four caliphs as rightful successors. Sunni Islam emphasizes community consensus in matters of leadership and religious interpretation. The exact percentage can vary across regions, but Sunni Muslims are estimated to make up roughly 85-90% of the total Muslim population.
On the other hand, the Shia branch, while sharing core tenets with Sunni Islam, diverges in its belief regarding leadership. Shia Muslims believe in the divinely appointed leadership of the Prophet’s family, particularly through the line of Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad. The leadership positions in Shia Islam are held by Imams who are considered divinely appointed spiritual and political successors. Shia Muslims comprise approximately 10-15% of the global Muslim population.
Aside from Sunni and Shia, there are various smaller Islamic sects and movements that may differ in their interpretations of Islamic teachings, legal traditions, and rituals. Some of these include Sufism, known for its emphasis on mysticism and spiritual practices, and Ibadi Islam, prevalent in Oman and parts of North Africa.
