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The animated map below shows what our planet looks like without water if you pull the plug on the Marianas Trench.
The Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the Earth’s oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, an average of 200 kilometers (124 mi) to the east of the Mariana Islands. It is a crescent-shaped 2,550 km (1,580 mi) long and 69 km (43 mi) wide of the Earth’s crust scar. It reaches a maximum depth of 10,994 meters (36,070 ft) at a small slot-shaped canyon known as the Challenger Deep. For comparison: if Mount Everest were dropped into the Marianas trench at this point, its peak would still be over 1.6 kilometers (1 mi) undersea.
In 2009, Marianas Trench was established as a U.S. National Monument.
At the bottom of the trench, the water column overexerts a pressure of 1,086 bars (15,750 psi), more than 1 thousand times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. At this pressure, the density of water is raised by 4.96 percent so that 95 liters of water under the pressure of the Challenger Deep would contain the same mass as 100 liters at the surface. The temperature at the top is 1 to 4 °C (34 to 39 °F).
xkcd.com
The Marians trench is not the part of the seafloor closest to the core of the Earth. This is because our planet is not an ideal sphere. As a result, parts of the Arctic Ocean seabed are at least 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) closer to the platen’s center than the Challenger Deep.
