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Arctic sea ice is on the most important indicator of the state of the global climate because of both its sensitivity to warming and its role in increasing climate change.
Accelerated melting of the permanent sea ice cap has happened since the late 1990s, which is crucial to the pan-Arctic region, by effects on atmospheric and oceanic flows, the Greenland ice sheet, snow cover, permafrost, and vegetation.
Such changes could have notable consequences for global sea level, the ocean thermohaline circulation, indigenous seaside inhabitants, and commercial movements, as well as impacts on the earth’s surface energy and moisture budgets, oceanic and atmospheric circulations, and geosphere-biosphere feedbacks.
