Old maps

The evolution of Berlin from a small Branderburgian town to the capital of Prussia and one of the main centers of the Enlightenment

First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes, Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417–1701), the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the Third Reich (1933–1945). Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world. Currently, Berlin is the second most populous city (3.7 million residents) proper in the Western Europe behind London and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union.

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Economic mapsEnvironment maps

Climate Change and the U.S. Economy: A County-and-State Perspective

Climate change is projected to have vastly different economic impacts across U.S. states and counties, with coastal regions facing the heaviest financial burden. Florida and Texas each face potential GDP losses exceeding $100 billion, while states like Vermont and New Hampshire show minimal projected impacts. The analysis reveals that lower-income counties often bear a disproportionate burden of climate-related economic damage, highlighting the need for equitable adaptation policies.

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Historical MapsWars

Operation Barbarossa Superimposed onto a map of the U.S.

Operation Barbarossa was the invasion of the USSR by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II. The military operation, codenamed after Frederick Barbarossa (“red beard”), a 12th-century Holy Roman emperor and German king, put into activity Nazi Germany’s ideological goal of occupying the western USSR to repopulate it with Germans.

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