The Islamic conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries brought Muslim armies into parts of the Iberian Peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal), North Africa, and the Mediterranean islands. In 711 CE, the Umayyad Caliphate from the Arabian Peninsula invaded the Iberian Peninsula, and within a few years, they established the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba, which later evolved into the Caliphate of Cordoba (929-1031 CE).